Air Conditioning Introduction system
Introduction
Air-conditioning is a process that simultaneously conditions air; distributes it combined with the outdoor air to the conditioned space; and at the same time controls and maintains the required space’s temperature, humidity, air movement, air cleanliness, sound level, and pressure differential within predetermined limits for the health and comfort of the occupants, for product processing, or both.
The acronym HVAC&R stands for heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and refrigerating. The combination of these processes is equivalent to the functions performed by air-conditioning.
Air-Conditioning Systems
An air-conditioning or HVAC&R system consists of components and equipment arranged in sequential order to heat or cool, humidify or dehumidify, clean and purify, attenuate objectionable equipment noise, transport the conditioned outdoor air and recirculate air to the conditioned space, and control and maintain an indoor or enclosed environment at optimum energy use.
The types of buildings which the air-conditioning system serves can be classified as:
• Institutional buildings, such as hospitals and nursing homes
• Commercial buildings, such as offices, stores, and shopping centers
• Residential buildings, including single-family and multifamily low-rise buildings of three or fewer stories above grade
Applications of air-conditioning systems:
An air conditioner (often referred to as AC) is amajor or home appliance, system, or mechanism designed to change the air temperature and humidity within an area (used for cooling and sometimes heating depending on the air properties at a given time).
The cooling is typically done using a simple refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation is used, commonly for comfort cooling in buildings and motor vehicles.
In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation and air conditioning is referred to as "HVAC".
The basic concept behind air conditioning is known to have been applied in ancient Egypt where reeds hung in windows had water trickling down.
The evaporation of water cooled the air blowing through the window, though this process also made the air more humid. In Ancient Rome, water from aqueducts was circulated through the walls of certain houses to cool them down.
Other techniques in medieval Persia involved the use of cisterns and wind towers to cool buildings during the hot season. Modern air conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was invented and used in 1911 by Willis Havilland Carrier.
The introduction of residential air conditioning in the 1920s helped start the great migration to the Sunbelt.
